Medical History Collection

It mainly includes: main complaint, general medical history, growth and development history, family history and medication history. Patients or their families may report poor vision in one or both eyes, difficulty in engaging in activities related to both eyes, incorrect eye position in photography or observation, like to cover or close one eye, etc.

Visual Examination

After many discussions in 2010 and 2011, according to the epidemiological characteristics and referring to the visual development status of children of different ages, the lower limit of normal vision of Chinese strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Group is: the lower limit of normal vision of children aged 3 is 0.5, that of children aged 4-5 is 0.6, that of children aged 6-7 is 0.7, and that of children aged above 7 is 0.8 The best corrected visual acuity of two eyes differs by two lines or more, and the poor eye is amblyopia. If children's visual acuity is not lower than the lower limit of normal visual acuity of children of the same age, the difference of binocular visual acuity is less than two lines, and no risk factors causing amblyopia are found, they should not be hastily diagnosed as amblyopia and can be listed as the object of observation.

Children with amblyopia have no clear main complaint, and the prevalence of strabismus accounts for only 1 / 6. Most cases are found only by chance in visual examination, and early correction is the key factor for the prognosis of amblyopia, so early screening is very important for the discovery of amblyopia.

Children aged 2-4 years can choose e-word visual acuity chart or graphic visual acuity chart. Visual acuity is tested every six months. The visual acuity of children at this age may not reach 1.0, but as long as it reaches more than 0.5, and the visual acuity of both eyes is equal, the visual acuity shows a gradual upward trend, and the visual development is still normal.

Children over 5 years old can use E-chart as adults. However, we should pay attention to the impact of the crowded phenomenon of the visual acuity chart on the visual acuity test. A single visual mark or a loose visual mark arranged in a single line may lead to better vision than the crowded visual acuity chart. Therefore, it is generally not recommended to use a single visual mark for the detection of amblyopia.